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DescriptionRadiation hydrodynamics is a broad subject that cuts across many disciplines in physics and astronomy: fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, kinetic theory, and radiative transfer, among others. The theory developed in this book by two specialists in the field can be applied to the study of such diverse astrophysical phenomena as stellar winds, supernova explosions, and the initial phases of cosmic expansion, as well as the physics of laser fusion and reentry vehicles. As such, it provides students with the basic tools for research on radiating flows.Largely self-contained, the volume is divided into three parts: Chapters 1 to 5 focus on the dynamics of non-radiating fluids and then consider applications of a few astrophysically interesting problems concerning waves, shocks, and stellar winds. The second part of the book — Chapters 5 to 8 — deals with the physics of radiation, radiation transport, and the dynamics of radiating fluids, emphasizing the close relationship of radiation hydrodynamics to ordinary fluid dynamics. Part 3 comprises a short appendix on tensor calculus, explaining the use of tensor concepts in writing equations that allow a simple transition from ordinary fluids to relativistic fluids to radiation.Combining relevant material scattered widely among a large number of books, journal papers, and technical reports, this volume will be of immense value to students and researchers in many fields.Table of ContentsMicrophysics of GasesThermodynamicsEquation of State of a Perfect GasFirst Law of ThermodynamicsSecond Law of ThermodynamicsThermal Properties of a Perfect GasSome Consequences of the Combined First and Second LawsKinetic TheoryThe Distribution Function and Boltzmann’s EquationThe Collision IntegralThe Maxwellian Velocity DistributionBoltzmann’s H-TheoremThe Time of RelaxationClassical Statistical MechanicsThermodynamic Probability and EntropyBoltzmann StatisticsIonizationThermodynamic Properties of Ionizing HydrogenDynamics of Idea FluidsKinematics Velocity and Acceleration“Particle Paths, Streamlines, and Streaklines”The Euler Expansion FormulaThe Reynolds Transport TheoremThe Equation of ContinuityVorticity and CirculationThe Cauchy-Stokes Decomposition TheoremEquations of Motion and EnergyThe Stress TensorThe Momentum EquationThe Energy EquationDynamics of Viscous and Heat-Conducing FluidsEquations of Motion and Energy: The Continuum ViewThe Stress Tensor for a Newtonian FluidThe Navier-Stokes EquationsThe Energy EquationSimilarity ParametersEquations of Motion and Energy: The Kinetic Theory ViewThe Mean Free Path and Transport PhenomenaMoments of the Boltzmann EquationConservation Equations for Equilibrium FlowThe Chapman-Enskog Solution for Nonequilibrium FlowEvaluation of the Transport CoefficientsRelativistic Fluid FlowBasic Concepts of Special RelativityThe Relativity PrincipleThe Lorentz TransformationRelativistic Kinematics of Point ParticlesRelativistic Dynamics of Point ParticlesRelativistic Dynamics of Ideal FluidsKinematicsThe Equation of ContinuityThe Material Stress-Energy TensorThe Four-Force DensityThe Dynamical EquationsThe Kinetic Theory ViewRelativistic Dynamics of Nonideal FluidsKinematicsThe Stress-Energy TensorThe Energy EquationThe Equations of Motion“Waves, Shocks, and Winds”Acoustic WavesThe Wave EquationPropagation of Acoustic WavesWave Energy and MomentumDampting of Acoustic Waves by Conduction and ViscosityAcoustic-Gravity WavesThe Wave Equation and Wave EnergyPropagation of Acoustic -Gravity Waves in an Isothermal MediumPropagation of Acoustic-Gravity Waves in a Stellar AtomsphereShock WavesThe Development of ShocksSteady ShocksShock StructurePropagation of Weak ShocksNumerical MethodsPropagating Strong ShocksThermally Driven WindsBasic ModelPhysical ComplicationsRadiation and Radiative TransferThe Radiation FieldThe Specific Intensity and Photon Distribution FunctionThe Mean Intensity and Radiation Energy DensityThe Radiative Energy Flux and Momentum DensityThe Radiation Pressure TensorThermal RadiationPlanck’s LawStefan’s LawThermodynamics of Equilibrium RadiationThermodynamics of Equilibrium Radiation Plus a Perfect GasThermodynamics of Equilibrium Radiation Plus an Ionizing GasThe Interaction of Radiation and Matter“Absorption, Emission, and Scattering”The Einstein RelationsThe Einstein-Milne RelationsOpacity and Emission CoefficientsThe Equation of TransferDerivation of the Transfer EquationOptical Depth and Source FunctionMoments of the Transfer EquationSolution of the Transfer EquationFormal SolutionThe Diffusion LimitThe Wave Limit“The Grey Atmosphere, Mean Opacities, and Multigroup Methods”Numerical MethodsStatistical Equilibrium in the Presence of a Radiation FieldThe Microscopic Implications of LTENon-LTE Rate EquationsThermal Properties of a Nonequilibrium GasSolution of the Coupled Transfer and Statistical Equilibrium Equations in Static MediaThe Two-Level AtomThe Complete Linearization MethodThe Equations of Radiation HydrodynamicsLorentz Transformation of the Transfer EquationThe Photon Four-Momentum“Transformation Laws for the Specific Intensity, Opacity, and Emissivity”The Radiation Stress-Energy Tensor and Four-Force VectorCovariant Form of the Transfer EquationThe Dynamical Equations for a Radiating FluidThe Inertial-Frame Transfer Equation for a Moving FluidInertial-Frame Equations of Radiation HydrodynamicsThe Comoving-Frame Equation of TransferComoving-Frame Equations of Radiation HydrodynamicsSolution of the Equations of Radiation HydrodynamicsRadiation Diffusion MethodsTransport Solution in the Comoving FrameTransport Solution by Mixed-Frame and VERA-Code MethodsRadiating FlowsSmall-Amplitude DisturbancesRadiative Dampting of Temperature FluctuationsPropagation of Acoustic Waves in a Radiating FluidPropagation of Acousitc-Gravity Waves in a Radiating FluidNonlinear FlowsThermal WavesSteady ShocksPropagating ShocksIonization FrontsRadiation-Driven WindsAppendix: Elements of Tensor CalculusA1. NotationA2. Cartesian TensorsA3. General TensorsGlossary of Physical SymbolsIndex